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Delta-class submarine
The ''Delta'' class (Project 667B "Murena", Project 667BD "Murena-M", Project 667BDR "Kalmar", Project 667BDRM "Delfin") are a common name of four types of submarines which formed the backbone of the Soviet and Russian strategic submarine fleet since its introduction in 1973. They carry nuclear ballistic missiles of the R-29 Vysota family, with the ''Delta I'', ''II'', ''III'' and ''IV'' carrying the R-29 (NATO reporting name: SS-N-8 'Sawfly'), R-29D (SS-N-8 'Sawfly'), R-29R (SS-N-18 'Stingray') and R-29RM (SS-N-23 'Skiff') respectively. The ''Delta I'' carried 12 missiles, ''Delta II'' was a ''Delta I'' lengthened to carry 16 missiles; the ''Delta III'' and ''IV'' carry 16 missiles with multiple warheads and have improved electronics and noise reduction.
The R-27 Zyb missile carried by the Project 667s of the late 1960s had a range of just , so the earlier subs were forced to patrol close to the North American coast, whereas the ''Deltas'' could launch the >-range R-29s from the relative safety of the Arctic Ocean. In turn the ''Deltas'' were superseded by the larger ''Typhoon'' class submarines. The early ''Deltas'' remained in service until the 1990s with treaties such as START I. High running costs and the retirement of the ''Typhoons''′ R-39 missiles meant that some ''Delta IIIs were reactivated in the 2000s (decade) to replace the ''Typhoons''.
In December 2010 Pavel Podvig and russianforces.org estimated the strength of the Russian strategic submarine fleet at one ''Typhoon'' class submarine (used to test the R-30 Bulava missile), four ''Delta III,'' and six ''Delta IV'' class submarines, and one ''Borei''. They will ultimately be replaced by the new ''Borei'' class submarines (also known as the ''Dolgorukiy'' class).
==Development==
In the 1960s the Soviet Navy wanted new submarine-launched nuclear missiles that could threaten targets in North America without their launch platforms needing to pass the SOSUS sensors in the GIUK gap to be within range.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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